![]() Low-level viraemia is one or more viral load results that are detectable (more than 50 copies/ml) but equal to or less than 1000 copies/ml. Viral suppression is a viral load that is undetectable, equal to or less than 50 copies/ml. Use of ARV drugs for HIV prevention refers to the HIV prevention benefits of ARVs and includes those used for preventing the mother-to-child transmission of HIV, to reduce the transmission of HIV to serodiscordant sexual partners 1 and to prevent the acquisition of HIV when a person is exposed (post-exposure prophylaxis and PrEP). PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) of HIV is the use of ARV drugs by people who are not infected with HIV to prevent the acquisition of HIV.ĪRV (antiretroviral) drugs refer to the medicines used to treat HIV.ĪRT (antiretroviral therapy) refers to the use of a combination of three or more ARV drugs for treating HIV infection. Point-of-care testing is conducted at the site at which clinical care is being provided, with results being returned to the patient or caregiver on the same day as sample collection and test to allow for clinical decisions to be made in a timely manner. Infant diagnosis should be performed using molecular (nucleic acid) technologies at younger than 18 months, and serological assays can be used for children older than 18 months of age. Early infant diagnosis is the testing of HIV-exposed infants before two months of age, to establish timely diagnosis and access to life-saving HIV treatment. Infant diagnosis is the testing of infants and children to determine their HIV status following possible exposure to HIV during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. ![]() ![]() People at substantial risk of HIV infection are present in most countries, including some (but not all) people identified within key and vulnerable populations and some people not identified as such.Ĭombination prevention refers to a combination of behavioural, biomedical and structural approaches to HIV prevention to achieve maximum impact on reducing HIV transmission and acquisition. Individual risk varies within groups at substantial risk of HIV infection depending on individual behaviour and the characteristics of sexual partners. Substantial risk of HIV infection is provisionally defined as an incidence of HIV greater than 3 per 100 person-years in the absence of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Each country should define the specific populations that are vulnerable and key to their epidemic and response, based on the epidemiological and social context. These populations are not affected by HIV uniformly in all countries and epidemics and may include key populations. They may also face social and legal barriers to accessing HIV prevention and treatment. Vulnerable populations are groups of people that are vulnerable to HIV infection in certain situations or contexts, such as infants, children and adolescents (including adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa), orphans, people with disabilities and migrant and mobile workers. Key populations include men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, people in prisons and closed settings, sex workers and transgender people. They frequently face legal and social challenges that increase their vulnerability to HIV, including barriers to accessing HIV prevention, treatment and other health and social services. ![]() Key populations are groups that have a high risk and disproportionate burden of HIV in all epidemic settings. An infant is a child younger than one year of age. ![]()
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